Which of the following best defines "transgression"?

"Transgression" refers specifically to an offense against a law or a moral principle, making the definition that states it as the violation of a law or moral principle the most accurate choice. This term is often used in contexts where an individual crosses boundaries, whether ethical, social, or legal, indicating a departure from accepted norms or standards. For instance, if someone engages in dishonest behavior, it might be termed a transgression of moral codes.

The other options relate to concepts that represent adherence to rules or norms, such as following rules strictly or conforming to societal norms, which are the opposite of transgressing. Charitable behavior does not align with the concept of transgression, as it involves actions that are generally viewed positively and in accordance with altruistic principles. Therefore, the choice that captures the essence of a transgression as a breach or violation is indeed the correct one.